Beaver and Browne, 1978: The gallery system is irregularly branched without brood chambers, largely in one transverse plane but sometimes extending into three dimensions. The species sometimes attacks weakened or injured trees. Browne, 1961: This very widely distributed species is probably the most abundant wood boring Scolytid of Malaya. Its origin is uncertain, but it is now almost cosmopolitan in the humid tropics and often appears in imported timber in temperate climates where it has failed to established itself. This species is not selective in its host preference. It may attack living trees through injuries or diseased patches of bark but is more often found in dying or dead trees, green logs or newly sawn timber. It is not size selective and will infest branches and poles of about 5 cm diameter as well as the largest logs but it does not attack small shoots and twigs. It wood it tends to tunnel more deeply than most and thus may do considerable damage especially to sawn and unseasoned timber. It is common in open, agricultural country as well as dense forests. The nest is simple and has irregularly branched galleries lying more or less in one transverse plane. Beaver and Liu, 2010: The biology is described by Browne (1961), Schedl (1963) and Kalshoven (1964). Largely due to its abundance, the species can be important in the downgrade of timber as a result of the ΓÇÿpinholesΓÇÖ caused by its galleries, and the surrounding black stain caused by the associated ambrosia fungus.